Trichomes on the fruit of rr were macroscopic and of single flagelliform and acicular shape. A new key to the suprageneric taxa in the beetle family cetoniidae, with annotated lists of the known genera. Pdf morphology, anatomy and trichome properties of lamium. Furthermore, only a very limited amount of plant trichome genomics. Because trichomes are easily accessible to a combination of genetic, cell biological and molecular methods they have become an ideal model system to study various aspects of plant cell morphogenesis. A critical systematic revision of 7 species of plectranthus lamiaceae in saudi arabia was conducted by means of numerical analyses based on. Trichome patterning in arabidopsis thaliana has become a wellstudied model system to understand cellcell communication in the context of twodimensional pattern formation in plants. Analysis of trichome morphology and density in salvia nemorosa l. Dracocephalum thymiflorum grows in limited areas in iran and forms few local populations and is extensively used by locals.
Gsts on the aerial organ surfaces have a unique capacity for synthesis and secretion of chemicals largely plant secondary metabolites, and they have been described as chemical factories for the production of highvalue natural products mahmoud and croteau, 2002. This distinction is not always easily applied see waitaminute tree. Trichomes may be either unicellular or multicellular and are either glandular, consisting of a stalk terminating in a glandular head, or nonglandular, consisting of elongated tapering structures. Jul 29, 2000 trichomes plant hairs in arabidopsis thaliana are large nonsecreting epidermal cells with a characteristic threedimensional architecture. Characterization and ontogeny of the glandular trichomes of.
Evolution of trichomes and its systematic significance in salvia. These species have medicinal values including anticancer, antioxidant, ant hypoxic and immune modulator activities. The purpose of this paper is to study, from a developmental viewpoint, the ultrastructure. Glandular trichomes and essential oil of thymus quinquecostatus. Trichome micromorphology in turkish species of ziziphora lamiaceae trichome micromorphology in turkish species of ziziphora lamiaceae kaya, ayla. Jun, 20 trichome growth habit could be a child of a new term trichome anatomy and development trait which is a child of anatomy and morphology trait to. Nepetoideae is the largest group in lamiaceae, and it includes 3700 species or approximately half the total species diversity in the family.
The trichome position is not correlated with any recognizable leaf structures and clonal analysis excluded a cell lineage mechanism 5, 6. In arabidopsis, trichomes are large unicellular cells formed on the aerial parts of the plants including leaves, stems, branches and flower organs. Two types of glandular trichomes occur on the leaves. Aug 04, 2009 gsts on the aerial organ surfaces have a unique capacity for synthesis and secretion of chemicals largely plant secondary metabolites, and they have been described as chemical factories for the production of highvalue natural products mahmoud and croteau, 2002. Regulation of trichome differentiation and patterning via phytohormones. Dec 12, 2015 the trichome head then significantly enlarges to reach a size of around 60. Nevertheless, knowledge about the secretion and function of these glands is very incomplete. However, until recently, most trichome specific metabolic pathways and genes involved in various trichome developmental stages have remained unknown. The trichomes consist of a basal cell embedded in the epidermis, a. An investigation of the glandular and nonglandular foliar trichomes. Also, there are nontrichomatous epidermal cells that protrude from the surface a common type of trichome is a hair. Lamiaceae article pdf available in australian journal of crop science 76.
Morphological and structural characters of trichomes on. Morphology, anatomy and trichome properties of lamium truncatum boiss. The trichomes pubescences that often cover the plant body are the result of divisions of epidermal cells. Role of triptychon in trichome patterning in arabidopsis. To address this gap in our knowledge, we performed comparative metabolomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and clabeling of. Xeromorphism of trichomes in lamiaceae species semantic scholar. Lamiaceae plants of the mint familyalso known as labiatae if you pick a plant with a distinctly square stalk and simple, opposite leaves, then it is very likely a member of the mint family. To address this gap in our knowledge, we performed comparative metabolomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and. The lamiaceae formally labiatae family has about 180 genera and some 3,500 species, about 50 of which are present here in north america. King and robinson 1969, 70 used trichome types to determine genetic limits among compositae. Characterization and ontogeny of the glandular trichomes of ocimum selloi benth.
Click on names to expand them, and on p for plants profiles. The head of each peltate trichome is made up of four broad head cells in one layer. Trichoma definition of trichoma by medical dictionary. The plant list includes 22,486 scientific plant names of species rank for the family lamiaceae. Statistical evaluations of morphological and anatomical. In many lamiaceae, two main types of glandular trichomes are found, capitate and peltate, coined according to the shape of their secretory head. Evolution of trichome types and its systematic significance in the genus phlomoides lamioideae lamiaceae article pdf available in nordic journal of botany 375 february 2019 with 185 reads. Trichomes on plants are epidermal outgrowths of various kinds. A list of all accepted names in lamiaceae is available in csv format.
Examples are hairs, glandular hairs, scales, and papillae. Multiomics of tomato glandular trichomes reveals distinct. This study characterises the micromorphology, ultrastructure and main chemical constituents of the foliar glandular trichomes of ocimum obovatum using light and electron microscopy and a variety of histochemical tests. Be sure to smell it too, since many species of the family are loaded with aromatic volatile oils. Furthermore, only a very limited amount of plant trichome genomics information.
Trichome micromorphology of egyptian ballota lamiaceae. Classification for kingdom plantae down to family lamiaceae. Trichomes plant hairs in arabidopsis thaliana are large nonsecreting epidermal cells with a characteristic threedimensional architecture. Light, conventional and environmental scanning electron. To key genera in the lamiaceae, youll need to see how the stamens relate to the upper lip, count the number of stamens, look at details of the sepals, and more this survey starts with the allimportant genus salvia sage, which has 800 species worldwide. Trichome morphology and its significance in the systematics of phlomoides lamiaceae. Lamiaceae with two new subspecies of the canary islands abstract gaisberg, m. The terms emergences or prickles refer to outgrowths that involve more than the epidermis. Teucrium heterophyllum, a species originally described from madeira and also distributed in the ca. Secretory and nonsecretory trichomes provide insight on the nature of the secreted phytochemical and their defense against herbivores.
Pdf evolution of trichome types and its systematic. Plant secretory trichomes have a unique capacity for chemical synthesis and secretion and have been described as biofactories for the production of natural products. Species of lamiaceae contained within the plant list belong to 250 plant genera. In the present study, leaf trichome densities and also type were investigated in six populations of the species, because the effective substances of this species exist in essential oil of glandular trichomes. Anatomy, trichome morphology and palynology of salvia. Arthrocladium bradymyces brycekendrickomyces knufia metulocladosporiella neophaeococcomyces strelitziana trichomerium. Salvias are among the few genera with only 2 stamens, and the upper anther is usually.
Glandular trichomes on vegetative and reproductive organs of. If you do not see its contents the file may be temporarily unavailable at the journal website or you do not have a pdf plugin installed and enabled in your browser. Glandular trichomes are metabolic cell factories with the capacity to produce large quantities of secondary metabolites. Abstract background and aims nectar production in the bignoniaceae species lacking a nectariferous functional disc is ascribed to trichomatic glands around the ovary base andor on the inner corolla wall. Ovary peltate trichomes of zeyheria montana bignoniaceae. Ramayya 1972, used the trichome types to establish genetic limits among magnoliales.
Generally a dense covering of woolly trichomes controls the rate of transpiration. Pdf morphology of trichomes in pogostemon cablin benth. Macro and micromorphological characters, including seed and pollen shape,size, coat sculpture, trichome structure, were studied. Sep 27, 2011 trichome patterning in arabidopsis thaliana has become a wellstudied model system to understand cellcell communication in the context of twodimensional pattern formation in plants. Pdf the xeromorphic adaptation of epidermal cells of lamiaceae plant leaves, the consequence of their adaptation to an arid habitat, was investigated find. Jun 01, 20 trichome micromorphology in turkish species of ziziphora lamiaceae trichome micromorphology in turkish species of ziziphora lamiaceae kaya, ayla. Lamiaceae martinov is one of the largest plant families represented by about 258 genera and. Giris lamiaceae avustralyaya, afrika ve amerikaya kadar labiatae familyas. Morphology of trichomes in pogostemon cablin benth. Foliar trichomes and their systematic relevance in solanum. Secondary metabolites play important roles in protecting the plant against.
Trichome micromorphology of iranian stachys lamiaceae with emphasis on its systematic implication. The essential oil secretory structures of prostanthera ovalifolia ncbi. The development of type vi glandular trichomes in the. Hedge herbs, sometimes subshrubs or shrubs, annual or perennial, usually aromatic.
Laymeeayseeeye or labiatae are a family of flowering plants commonly known as the mint or deadnettle or sage family. This character doesnt always hold up with the woody species of the family. Dracocephalum dragonhead with about 60 to 70 species is mostly annual or perennial herbs or subshrubs. About the classification report about the classification download. Evolution of trichome types and its systematic significance in the genus phlomoides lamioideaelamiaceae. Analysis of trichome morphology and density in salvia. Foliar secretory trichomes of ocimum obovatum lamiaceae. Three different capitate trichome types were found on styrian oil pumpkin. The trichome epidermis and meristematic layer in stems of rr are composed of round cells, whereas rre exhibits square cells in the same layers. Many of the plants are aromatic in all parts and include widely used culinary herbs like basil, mentha, rosemary, sage, savory, marjoram, oregano, hyssop, thyme, lavender, and perilla. Lamiaceae with two new subspecies of the canary islands. Trichome specificities effectively delineate taxa within genus or even at family level. Family lamiaceae, an introduction the family is distributed worldwide.
Little is known about the connection between central carbon metabolism and metabolic productivity for secondary metabolites in glandular trichomes. Bioenergetics of monoterpenoid essential oil biosynthesis. Progress on trichome development regulated by phytohormone. The trichome head then significantly enlarges to reach a size of around 60. The taxonomic and phylogenetic significance of tri chome characters in different genera of lamiaceae and related families, such as verbenaceae, has already. Lamiaceae diversification, evolution, and historical. Pdf trichome morphology and its significance in the systematics. The draft genome sequence and genetic map of 97 mentha longifolia l. The origanum lamiaceae genus is an annual, perennial and shrubby herb that is predominantly distributed around the mediterranean, eurosiberian, and iransiberian regions. Family lamiaceae definition of family lamiaceae by the. However, until recently, most trichomespecific metabolic pathways and genes involved in various trichome developmental stages have remained unknown. The types and distribution of glandular trichomes are diverse among different genus or species plants of labiatae, so the glandular trichome is. Leaves opposite, rarely whorled or alternate, simple to pinnately dissected or compound, without stipules.
This study aims to investigate the morphology and ultrastructure characters of pollen grains and trichomes in order to evaluate their systematic value of these characters in specific and intraspecific separation of the saudi arabian plectranthus species. If you come across a plant with a squarish stem and opposite leaves you most likely have a member of the wide ranging mint family. This is how the leaf epidermis, by xeromorphic changes, ensures the preservation of the entire plant. Trichomes are formed in the basal part of young leaves. Flora of the carolinas, virginia, and georgia, working draft of 17 march 2004 lamiaceae 390 lamiaceae or labiatae mint family a family of about 250 genera and 6700 species, herbs, shrubs, vines, and trees, cosmopolitan. A covering of any kind of hair on a plant is an indumentum, and the surface bearing them.